Hungarian 7.62x54r Lead Core Light Ball "Etalon"
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This ammunition was sold in 2003 for a short time.  Following is the distributor's description:

"ETALON is an old European word for reference ammo.  ETALON ammo is a top lot of ammunition where all parameters like gas pressure, accuracy, velocity and dimensions show the least tolerance fluctuation possible.  The ammo is then marked as ETALON and used as reference lot to calibrate test barrels and ballistic test equipment which has to be done from time to time to compensate for wear.  The ammo is kept by the producer, by the proof houses and by military customers to provide them for adjustment during production and acceptance tests.  This ammo is considered always the top of the best, superior to sniper or match.  The ammo has been gathered from the factory and military test stations, repackaged in 20rd boxes/220rd sealed packs, and is now available for sale in the US.  This ammo is 147grn FMJ, Steel cased, Berdan Primer."

When evaluating this ammo the first thing noticed was a variety of headstamps within each 20 round box.  A total of 5 headstamps were observed in 100 rounds in quantities as low as 5 and as high as 44.  However, the physical appearance of the various cartridges is very similar and consistent with cases that have been cleaned and reloaded.  This could indicate that although different cases were used, care was taken for consistency with bullet and powder weights along with overall cartridge length.   When the charges and bullets were weighed and overall length measured it was found that this was not the case and the variation among cartridges was actually greater than some other surplus ammunition.  The extreme spread and standard deviation follow this pattern.  While it is doubtful that the distributor intentionally mislead it's customers, it's apparent that this ammo is not as advertised.  On the other hand, there is nothing wrong with it and performance is on a par with other surplus ammunition.

Ammunition and evaluation assistance provided by "Springbank" of Gunboards.com

ammo005a.JPG (10516 bytes) ammo005b.JPG (37493 bytes) ammo005c.JPG (45246 bytes)

(Reference number 005)

Case Over all Length Powder
Headstamp Material Coating Water Volume Min. Max. Weight
mixed:  17/50 (Soviet), 21/52, 21/69 (Hungarian), 22/52, 22/54 (Romanian) steel copper wash 64.3 gr. 3.001" 3.030" 49.4 gr.

 

Bullet
Dia. Length Weight Style Core Tip Color Magnetic? Ballistic
Coefficient
Sectional
Density
.311" 1.114" 148.7 gr. spitzer flat base lead white yes 0.502 0.220

 

Package
20 rounds per cardboard box
ammo005d.JPG (26576 bytes)

 

Measured Muzzle Velocity in Feet per Second (10 shot string)
Rifle M44 M28 M91/30 M91 (Finnish) M91 (Russian)
Low 2525 2642 2737 2782 2653
High 2711 2827 2879 2940 2811
Average 2602 2741 2815 2852 2719
Extreme Spread 186 185 142 158 158
Standard Deviation 50 55 49 46 64
Trajectory and Drop Graph
(click on the thumbnails)
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Notes on the graphs  The graphs above each represent two sets of data.  The red line is the path of the bullet fired from the rifle with the sights zeroed at 200 yards.   The bullet exits the muzzle at a distance a fraction of an inch below zero inches.   This represents the height of the sight over the centerline of the bore.  The bullet rises above zero in a trajectory that then passes through zero again at 200 yards and continues downward.  The blue line is the the bullet drop in inches for the distance traveled.  This begins at the muzzle at zero inches and decreases with distance not taking sight height or zero distance into account.

 

Trajectory Comparison Graph
This graph combines the trajectories of the 5 graphs above to compare the performance of the test rifles.
Click on the graph for a large, scalable PDF to zoom in for better detail clarity.  Adobe Reader required.

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Bullet Velocity to 500 yards in Feet per Second

Distance (yds) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
M44 2602 2514 2428 2344 2262 2181 2102 2024 1948 1873 1801
M28 2741 2651 2562 2475 2390 2307 2225 2145 2066 1990 1914
M91/30 2815 2723 2633 2545 2458 2374 2290 2209 2129 2051 1974
M91 (Finnish) 2852 2759 2669 2580 2493 2407 2323 2241 2161 2082 2005
M91 (Russian) 2719 2629 2541 2455 2370 2287 2205 2126 2048 1971 1896

 

Bullet Energy to 500 yards in Foot Pounds

Distance (yds) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
M44 2239 2091 1951 1818 1692 1573 1461 1355 1255 1160 1073
M28 2485 2324 2172 2027 1890 1760 1638 1522 1412 1310 1211
M91/30 2621 2453 2294 2142 1999 1864 1735 1614 1500 1392 1290
M91 (Finnish) 2690 2519 2356 2202 2055 1917 1786 1662 1545 1434 1329
M91 (Russian) 2446 2287 2136 1993 1858 1730 1609 1495 1387 1285 1189

 

Recoil

Rifle M44 (Soviet) M28 (Finnish) M91/30 (Soviet) M91 (Finnish) M91 (Russian)
Weight (Pounds) 8.25 lbs 9.75 lbs 8.56 lbs 9.50 lbs 9.38 lbs
Recoil Velocity (Feet per Second) 10.5 fps 9.4 fps 11.0 fps 10.1 fps 9.7 fps
Recoil Energy (Foot-Pound) 14.3 ft-lb 13.5 ft-lb 16.2 ft-lb 15.1 ft-lb 13.8 ft-lb


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